1. Hydraulic bulging
The hydraulic bulging of tee is a kind of forming process that expands the branch pipe through the axial compensation of metal materials. The process is to use a special hydraulic press to inject liquid into the tube blank with the same diameter as the tee, and squeeze the tube blank through the synchronous centering movement of the two horizontal side cylinders of the hydraulic press. The volume of the tube blank becomes smaller after extrusion, and the liquid in the tube blank increases with the volume of the tube blank. When the pressure required for the expansion of the tee branch pipe is reached, the metal material flows along the inner cavity of the die under the dual action of the side cylinder and the liquid pressure in the tube blank to expand the branch pipe.
Due to the large tonnage of equipment required for the hydraulic bulging process of seamless tees, it is mainly used in the manufacture of standard wall thickness tees less than dn400 in China at present. The applicable forming materials are low carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel with relatively low cold work hardening tendency, including some non-ferrous metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, titanium, etc.
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